| 14.5 GA | "Methuselah star", oldest known star with a well-determined age ±0.8 billion years |
| 13.772 GA | (±59 million years) estimated the age of the universe per NASA's Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe project's nine-year data release in 2012 |
| 4.6 - 3.8 MA | formation of Earth - Hadean geologic eon (aka, Precambrian) |
| 4.5 GA | Earth collides with Thea and remnants form Moon |
| 4.4 GA | age of meteorites |
| 4.1 GA | Earth cools forming a solid crust |
| 3.8 GA | heavy meteor bombardment possibly eliminated any early life or, may have brought life to Earth |
| 3.8 GA | Earth's oldest rocks |
| 3.6 GA | last universal common ancestor (LUCA), is the hypothetical latest living organism from which all organisms now living on Earth descend |
| 3.5 BA | oldest non-marine mountain range, Barberton Greenstone Belt in eastern Africa |
| 3 GA | photosynthesis. Moon so close to Earth tides are 1000 feet |
| 1.3 GA - 750 MA | supercontinent Rodinia |
| 1.2 GA | sexual reproduction |
| 1 GA | multicell creatures |
| 850 - 630 MA | Cryogenian Period (incl. "snowball Earth") |
| 600 - 540 MA | Pannotia supercontinent |
| 545 MA | beginning of common era, Phanerozoic eon. |
| 542 - 500 MA | Paleozoic - Cambrian (fossilized multicellular organisms, no land plants) |
| 530 MA | first known footsteps on land left by lobster-like creatures |
| 500 MA | Fish |
| 500 - 200 MA | Gondwana supercontinent |
| 488 MA | Cambrian-Ordovician extinction event |
| 440 MA | Ordovician - Silurian extinction event |
| 367 MA | Devonian-Carboniferous extinction event |
| 359 MA | Paleozoic-Carboniferous - Mississippian |
| 350 - 300 MA | Appalachians and Alleghenies formed |
| 320 MA | amniotes, first terrestrial vertibrates, evolved from amphibians |
| 324 MA | reptilian ancestors of reptiles |
| 318 MA | Paleozoic - Carboniferous - Pennsylvanian |
| 300 MA | Reptiles |
| 299 MA | Paleozoic - Permian, Pangaea supercontinent |
| 251 MA | Permian - Triassic (Great Dying extinction event that occurred between Permian and Triassic) |
| 215 MA | earliest turtles |
| 200 MA | Triassic - Jurassic extinction event eliminates large amphibians and many types of dinosaurs |
| 199 MA | Mesozoic - Jurassic (first true mammals) |
| 175 - 60 MA | Pangaea breaks into Gondwana and Laurasia, Andes begin to form |
| 167 MA | Gondwana breaks into Africa, Antartica, Australia and India |
| 150 MA | monotreme (egg laying) mammals diverge from placentals and marsupials |
| 145 MA | Mesozoic - Cretaceous. Andes take current form. |
| 125 MA | first marsupial |
| 100 - 85 MA | placental mammals |
| 100 - 65 MA | Rocky Mountains formed |
| 93 - 70 MA | Late Cretacious, dinosaur extinction |
| 65.5 MA | K-T Boundary (between Cretaceous and Cenozoic) and mass extinction event (death of the dinosaurs) often associated with the Yucatan Meteor impact |
| 63 MA | Cenozoic - Paleocene - wet-nosed primates |
| 58 MA | dry-nosed primates |
| 40 MA | primates outside of Africa and Asia go extinct |
| 35 MA | Himalayas form |
| 23 - 5.3 MA | Cenozoic - Miocene Epoch |
| 20 MA | bovines |
| 6.5 MA | human line diverges from Chimpanzee |
| 5 MA | Adirondacks lifted (the rocks of the Adirondacks are Paleozoic in origin) |
| 2.5 MA - 10,000 BC | Paleolithic era. Mankind's old stone age. Human ancestors use stone tools |
| 1.8 MA - 11 KA | Pleistocene recent period of glaciation, current continents in place at beginning |
| 1.0 MA | human ancestors walk upright and may have used fire for cooking |
| 200 KA | modern humans |
| 140 KA | Mitochondrial Eve |
| 110 - 11 KA | Würm glaciation period ("ice age") |
| 70 KA | Human near extinction (population bottleneck) due to Toba super-volcano |
| 70 - 50 KA | humans migrate from Africa |
| 15 - 10 KA | formation of deciduous forests |
| 10,000 BC | Neolithic (new stone) age. Humans engage in agriculure |
| 9,000 BC | end of Ice Age |
| 7,000 BC | domesticated cattle |
| 4004 BC | date of creation by Bishop Usher's calculations |
| 4000 BC | Bronze Age |
| 2570 BC | Pyramids of Giza |
| 1812 BC | Abraham |
| 1520 BC | Moses adopted by daughter of Pharaoh Hatshepsut |
| 1500 BC | earliest Vedic (Hindu) texts |
| 1479 - 1425 BCE | reign of Thutmose III, pharaoh of the Exodus |
| 1200 BC | latest date from probablility for MCRA, most recent common ancestor (similar to Mitochondrial Eve) |
| 1100 BC | Iron Age begins |
| 1040–970 BC | King David |
| 600-400 BC | production of the written Torah |
| 597-538 BC | Jewish Babylonian exile |
| 563-483 BC | life of Buddha |
| 2 BC - 33 AD | life of Jesus of Nazareth |
| 1800 AD | human population reaches 1 billion |